What is incentives?
The incentives model says: to predict behavior, ignore what people say and look at what they're rewarded for. As Charlie Munger put it, "show me the incentive and I will show you the outcome." Systems produce exactly what they reward — including the perverse versions.
Why it matters
Most confusing behavior stops being confusing the moment you find the incentive behind it. It's the fastest way to understand why a company, a colleague, or you yourself keep doing something that seems irrational — and the first thing to check before trusting any advice.
An example
Colonial Delhi paid a bounty per dead cobra. People bred cobras. The bounty was scrapped, breeders released the snakes, and Delhi ended with more cobras than before — the "cobra effect." The system rewarded dead snakes, not fewer snakes.
How to practice it
Next time behavior baffles you, ask: what is this person actually rewarded for, and who pays them? Too Hard Pile's incentives drills train you to spot the reward structure hiding under everyday situations before it bites you.
Reading about mental models doesn't build the reflex — reps do. Too Hard Pile schedules each drill back with spaced repetition so the model is there when a real decision needs it.